Lymphatic system Essay

1.What is the significance of a lower-than-normal hematocrit? What is the effect of a bacterial infection on the hematocrit? A lower than normal hematocrit indicates anemia, a condition in which the body does not turn out enough healthy red filiation cells. Red consanguinity cells provide oxygen to the body tissues. If you have a bacterial infection, your exsanguine communication channel cell count would increase because as the wbcs be fighting off the infection they wear off releasing a chemical into the line of merchandise stream that tells your body to increase production of white blood cells. With a higher production of white blood cells the red blood cell production would slightly decrease which would decrease the ratio of rbcs to whole blood volume.2.Compare the increase of lymphocytes with the development of the other formed elements. Lymphocytes have a lifetime measured in years most formed elements of the blood are continually dying and beingness replaced within ho urs, days, and weeks.3.What is erythropoiesis? Which factors speed up and slow down erythropoiesis? Erythropoiesis is the production of red blood cells Erythropoiesis is speeded up when oxygen delivery to the kidneys falls, and slows down when there is sufficient oxygen-carrying electrical capacity of the blood.4.Explain what would happen if a person with type B blood were given a transfusion of type O blood. Nothing would happen. O type blood is universal and can be given to any blood type.5.During an anatomy and physiology exam you are asked to view white blood cells in prepared slides of measuring human blood smears. Based on the observations below, what is the name and function of each WBC? a) Lymphocyte Major combatant in immune responsesb) Basophil Intensifies the seditious reaction, and is involved in hypersensitivity reactions. c) Monocyte Phagocytosis and cell debris cleanupd) Neutrophil Active in phagocytosise) Eosinophil Releases enzymes that combat the effects o f histamine and other substances involved in innervation during allergic reactions. They also phagocytize antigen-antibody complexes and are effective againstcertain parasitic worms. 6.Why would the level of leukocytes be higher in an individual who has been infected with a parasitic complaint? The presence of the parasitic microorganisms triggers an immune response in the body of the infected individual. The leukocytes are then produced in large amounts in order to protect the body.7.In regions where malaria is endemic, somewhat people build up immune resistance to the malaria pathogen. Which WBCs are responsible for the immune response against pathogens? How do they function? White blood cells or leukocytes are vital cells of the immune system protecting the human body against infections, bacteria, microbes, viruses and pathogens. These cells are produced in the stem of the bone marrow and are composed of granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) and non-granulocyt es (lymphocytes and monocytes). White blood cells act as the defending army of the human immune system providing a shield against several diseases and viruses. A genetically weak or risky immune system can lead to increased susceptibility to infection, allergies, and autoimmune diseases.8.What is the function of prothrombinase and throbin in clotting? Explain how the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways of blood clotting differ. Prothrombinase coverts prothrobin into the enzyme thrombin and thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin. The extrinsic pathway occurs very rapidly with a tissue protein leaking into the blood from damaged tissues outside the blood vessels the intrinsic pathway is more complex, occurs more slowly, and its activators are either in direct contact with blood or contained within the blood.